{"id":80050,"date":"2023-12-28T12:26:46","date_gmt":"2023-12-28T09:26:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecording.org\/?p=80050"},"modified":"2023-12-28T13:44:26","modified_gmt":"2023-12-28T10:44:26","slug":"5-maddede-cop28","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecording.org\/5-maddede-cop28\/","title":{"rendered":"5 Maddede COP28: Karbon N\u00f6tr Bir D\u00fcnya \u0130\u00e7in Fosil Yak\u0131tlara Veda M\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her y\u0131l farkl\u0131 bir \u00fclkenin ev sahipli\u011fini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cTaraflar Konferans\u0131 – Conference of  the Parties (COP)\u201d, di\u011fer ad\u0131yla \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 28.si, 30 Kas\u0131m \u2013 12 Aral\u0131k 2023 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Dubai\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. COP28, iklim eylemlerini h\u0131zland\u0131rmak ve Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 hedeflerine ula\u015fmak amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenen tarihi bir bulu\u015fma olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

COP Zirvesi, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler taraf\u0131ndan her y\u0131l d\u00fczenlenen, BM \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00c7er\u00e7eve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ni (UNFCCC) imzalayan t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131,  uluslararas\u0131 bir iklim konferans\u0131d\u0131r. Detayl\u0131 bilgiye \u201c<\/a>2023 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Konferans\u0131 COP28: COP Nedir ve D\u00fcnya\u2019y\u0131 Kurtarabilir Mi?\u201d<\/a> b<\/span>a\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 blog yaz\u0131m\u0131zdan ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

COP28\u2019e d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc fosil yak\u0131t \u00fcreticisi olan Abu Dhabi Ulusal Petrol \u015eirketi\u2019nin CEO\u2019su Sultan Al Jaber ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etmesi \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmu\u015f, iklim aktivistleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok insan i\u00e7in ba\u015ftan umutsuz bir konferans olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Peki 15 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren COP28\u2019de al\u0131nan kararlar umudun mu yoksa umutsuzlu\u011fun mu g\u00f6stergesi oldu? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dubai\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen COP28\u2019de al\u0131nan kararlar \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Fosil Yak\u0131ttan Yenilenebilir Enerjiye Ge\u00e7i\u015f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    COP28’de al\u0131nan ve en \u00e7ok beklenen kararlardan biri, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz, \u00fclkelerin fosil yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan uzakla\u015fmay\u0131 taahh\u00fcd etmeleri oldu. B\u00f6ylece COP28 , Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 28 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca b\u00f6yle bir anla\u015fman\u0131n ilk defa sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti. Ancak, fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131 “a\u015famal\u0131 olarak kald\u0131rma” s\u00f6ylemi de\u011fil de fosil yak\u0131tlardan “uzakla\u015fma” ifadesi metinde yer ald\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Fosil yak\u0131tlara ili\u015fkin bu tarihi karar, hem 2030\u2019a kadar fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n “a\u015famal\u0131 olarak kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131”na dair net bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 hem de metinde k\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol ve gaz \u00fcretimi ile t\u00fcketimine izin verebilecek “\u00e7e\u015fitli a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n” bulunmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ele\u015ftirildi. Zira, fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n belli bir zaman \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde net bir taahh\u00fct veya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 metinde yer alm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00d6te yandan ABD, \u00c7ek Cumhuriyeti, K\u0131br\u0131s, Dominik Cumhuriyeti, \u0130zlanda, Kosova ve Norve\u00e7, “K\u00f6m\u00fcrden \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f \u0130ttifak\u0131”na kat\u0131larak taahh\u00fctlerini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. \u0130ttifak\u0131n \u00fcyesi olan \u00fclkelerin say\u0131s\u0131 57’ye y\u00fckseldi. Ayr\u0131ca 118 \u00fclke, 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yenilenebilir enerji kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karma ve enerji verimlili\u011fini ikiye katlama s\u00f6z\u00fc verdi.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ancak \u00c7in ve Hindistan bu \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer almad\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye ise hen\u00fcz ne yenilenebilir enerji ne de k\u00f6m\u00fcrden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f konusunda taahh\u00fct veren \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer almad\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. N\u00fckleer Enerjiyi \u00dc\u00e7e Katlama Deklarasyonu imzaland\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n petrol \u00fcretiminde yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden 50 \u015firket, Petrol ve Gaz Karbonsuzla\u015ft\u0131rma T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’n\u00fc (OGDC) imzalayarak metan emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131f\u0131rlanmas\u0131, rutin alev yakman\u0131n 2030’a kadar sona erdirilmesi ve 2050’ye kadar net s\u0131f\u0131ra ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 hedefini taahh\u00fct ettiler.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Net s\u0131f\u0131r hedefine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in n\u00fckleer enerjinin \u00f6nemli bir rol oynayaca\u011f\u0131na inanan ABD \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde “N\u00fckleer Enerjiyi \u00dc\u00e7e Katlama Deklarasyonu” imzaland\u0131. Bu deklarasyona imza atan 22 \u00fclke, mevcut n\u00fckleer enerji kapasitelerini 2050’ye kadar \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 taahh\u00fct ediyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Bu \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda, ABD\u2019nin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, Bulgaristan, Kanada, \u00c7ek Cumhuriyeti, Finlandiya, Fransa, Gana, Macaristan, Japonya, G\u00fcney Kore, Moldova, Mo\u011folistan, Fas, Hollanda, Polonya, Romanya, Slovakya, Slovenya, \u0130sve\u00e7 ve Ukrayna yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. K\u00fcresel Stok De\u011ferlendirmesi ve ve \u0130klim Eylem Planlar\u0131:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        K\u00fcresel Stok De\u011ferlendirmeleri (GST), Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00c7er\u00e7eve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi alt\u0131nda, 5 y\u0131lda bir ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen, kapsaml\u0131 bir de\u011ferlendirme s\u00fcrecidir. \u0130klim eyleminin ilerlemesini de\u011ferlendirmek, Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 hedeflerine uygunlu\u011fu kontrol etmek ve uygun olmas\u0131 durumunda daha fazla eylem almak i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olan K\u00fcresel Stok De\u011ferlendirmesi, t\u00fcm Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00fcye \u00fclkelerini kapsayarak, \u015feffafl\u0131k ve hesap verebilirli\u011fi artt\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        COP28 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, son K\u00fcresel Stok De\u011ferlendirmesi, \u00fclkelerden 2030’a kadar yenilenebilir enerji kapasitelerini \u00fc\u00e7e katlamalar\u0131n\u0131, enerji verimlili\u011fini iki kat art\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131, k\u00f6m\u00fcr enerjisinin a\u015famal\u0131 olarak azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve fosil yak\u0131t s\u00fcbvansiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 hedeflemelerini talep ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Bu kapsamda, \u00fclkelerin 2025’e kadar yeni Ulusal \u0130klim Taahh\u00fctleri\u2019ni (NDC) sunmalar\u0131 ve 2030 hedeflerini g\u00fcncellemeleri isteniyor. Ulusal \u0130klim Taahh\u00fctleri\u2019nin daha iddial\u0131 ve kapsaml\u0131 olmalar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de IPCC’nin belirtti\u011fi 1.5\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken emisyon azalt\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n  %60’\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermeleri beklenmekte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        1. \u0130klim Krizinin Olumsuz Etkilerine Kar\u015f\u0131 Kay\u0131p ve Zarar Fonu<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          COP28’de iklim finans\u0131 da \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fcndem maddesiydi. COP27\u2019de g\u00fcndeme gelen  \u201cKay\u0131p ve Zarar Fonu\u201d  i\u00e7in COP28\u2019in ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcnde anla\u015fmaya var\u0131ld\u0131. Artan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131 ( kurakl\u0131k, sel, y\u00fckselen denizler vb.), geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in ciddi bir maliyet y\u00fck\u00fc olu\u015fturuyor. Bu fonun devreye girmesi, bu \u00fclkelerde meydana gelen kay\u0131plar\u0131n ve hasarlar\u0131n telafisine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Nitekim T\u00fcrkiye delegasyonu, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de Kay\u0131p ve Zarar Fonu’ndan yararlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 15 \u00fclke, Kay\u0131p ve Zarar Fonu’na toplam 655 milyon dolar taahh\u00fctte bulundu. Kar\u015f\u0131 Kay\u0131p ve Zarar Fonu kapsam\u0131nda; Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri (BAE) ve Almanya 100\u2019er milyon dolar, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k 40 milyon sterlin, ABD 17,5 milyon dolar ve Japonya 10 milyon dolar katk\u0131da bulunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          K\u00fcresel Stok De\u011ferlendirmesi\u2019nde belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere bu finansal taahh\u00fctler; fondan faydalanacak \u00fclkelerin temiz enerjiye ge\u00e7i\u015fini desteklemek, ulusal iklim planlar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamak ve adaptasyon \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak ancak geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin fona katk\u0131lar\u0131, hasarlar\u0131n onar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken finansman\u0131n \u00e7ok alt\u0131nda kal\u0131yor. \u00d6yle ki, 2022\u2019de yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, \u00c7in hari\u00e7 tutuldu\u011funda, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin en az 2.4 trilyon dolar iklim finansman\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131 var. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          1. G\u0131da Sistemleri Deklarasyonu\u2019nu imzaland\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

            Fosil Yak\u0131tlar\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra COP28’de dikkat \u00e7eken \u00f6nemli konulardan biri de ilk kez g\u0131da ve tar\u0131m\u0131n Taraflar Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ana g\u00fcndem maddelerinden biri olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu kapsamda 159 \u00fclke, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir tar\u0131m ve iklim eylemi konusunda bir deklarasyona imza atarken, g\u0131da ve g\u0131da sistemlerinin de 2025’e kadar \u00fclkelerin NDC’lerine entegre edilmesi taahh\u00fct edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            130\u2019dan fazla \u00fclke, iklim planlar\u0131nda g\u0131da ve tar\u0131ma da yer verme taahh\u00fcd\u00fc i\u00e7eren G\u0131da Sistemleri Deklarasyonu\u2019nu imzalad\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye, hen\u00fcz deklarasyonu imzalayan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer alm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Her y\u0131l farkl\u0131 bir \u00fclkenin ev sahipli\u011fini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cTaraflar Konferans\u0131 – Conference of\u00a0 the Parties (COP)\u201d, di\u011fer ad\u0131yla \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 28.si, 30 Kas\u0131m \u2013 12 Aral\u0131k 2023 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Dubai\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. COP28, iklim eylemlerini h\u0131zland\u0131rmak ve Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 hedeflerine ula\u015fmak amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenen tarihi bir bulu\u015fma olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":80055,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,133],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-iklim-krizi-tr","category-tr"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ecording.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cop28-image-1024x683-1.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecording.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80050"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecording.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecording.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecording.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecording.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80050"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ecording.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80050\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecording.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80055"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecording.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecording.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecording.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}